The project entitled "Language and Citizenship: from the relationship between words to the knowledge of the world" was a candidate for the Gulbenkian Program 2016, Projects of Research in Advanced Studies in Portuguese Language and Culture, of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. It intends to investigate, from a perspective of the interaction between lexicon, culture and citizenship, the linguistic and pedagogical dimension of semantic relations between words (namely, opposition, hierarchy, inclusion and similarity) and morphological relationships (family of words). From the investigative point of view, it is an integral part to understand how the mental lexicon is partially responsible for the cognitive processing of the real world or worlds and the interactions and relations between the subjects and the objects that inhabit them. The aim is to contribute to the reduction of dichotomous thought and social representations in children, through the understanding of the cognitive dimension, at early ages, of the concepts of meronymy and hyponymy to those of antonyms and the advantages of their pedagogical articulation.